What Defines Speciality Coffee?
Speciality coffee is a term used to describe high-quality coffee that is selectively grown under ideal conditions to enhance flavour and aroma. Unlike regular coffee, speciality coffee is made with beans that are carefully graded for quality and crafted to highlight each bean’s unique characteristics. Here’s everything you need to know about what sets speciality coffee apart from the rest.
What Types of Coffee Beans are Used in Speciality Coffee?
Out of the four main coffee beans—Arabica, Robusta, Excelsa, and Liberica—Arabica is most commonly used for speciality coffee. Known for its aromatic notes and complex flavour, Arabica provides the nuanced taste that coffee enthusiasts love. Common coffee drinks like lattes, Americanos, and cappuccinos can all fall under the speciality coffee category, as long as the beans used meet high-quality standards.
How is Coffee Graded?
Speciality coffee is graded for its quality, flavour, and overall value, using the Q grading system. Beans scoring 80 or above on this scale are considered speciality, with higher scores indicating superior quality. Anything below 80 may have defects and doesn’t qualify as speciality coffee.
The grading process involves two main methods: visual assessment and cupping, both performed by a certified coffee taster from the Speciality Coffee Association (SCA). For the visual inspection, a sample of green coffee beans (usually 350 grams) is checked for primary defects, such as black or sour beans, and secondary defects like broken beans. To qualify as speciality, the sample must have zero primary defects and no more than five secondary defects.
In the cupping process, the beans are roasted and then steeped in hot water. A certified taster evaluates the coffee’s aroma, taste, acidity, and body, assigning a score that reflects its quality. Cupping may be repeated several times to ensure quality standards are met before and after shipping.
Why Choose Speciality Coffee?
Speciality coffee offers more than just a caffeine boost—it's an experience. Many speciality coffees are ethically sourced from farmers committed to sustainable practices, making each cup a more conscientious choice. Additionally, the unique flavours and carefully curated profiles mean each sip offers a richer, more complex taste than standard coffee. For coffee enthusiasts, choosing speciality coffee is a way to support quality and sustainability in the industry.
The Process from Coffee Bean to Cup
The journey from coffee bean to liquid coffee is a meticulous one that involves multiple steps, each designed to preserve and highlight the bean's flavour. The process begins on a coffee farm, where the beans are grown under precise conditions. Once harvested, the beans undergo grading to determine if they qualify as speciality.
Next, a coffee roaster carefully roasts the beans, balancing time and temperature to draw out the best flavours. Finally, the beans reach the barista, who uses specialised brewing techniques to bring out the coffee's full potential. The entire journey—from growth to roasting and brewing—ensures that your cup of speciality coffee is a true work of art.
Best Brewing Techniques for Speciality Coffee
Brewing methods such as pour-over, French press, and Aeropress are popular choices for speciality coffee as they allow for a controlled extraction process. These techniques highlight the complex flavour notes that make speciality coffee unique, from fruity acidity to floral aromas. The right brewing method enhances the characteristics of each bean, ensuring you taste its full profile.
FAQs on Speciality Coffee
Q: Can speciality coffee be made with any coffee bean?
A: While many beans can be used for coffee, only beans grown under ideal conditions and graded 80 or above by the SCA are classified as speciality coffee.
Q: Does speciality coffee taste different from regular coffee?
A: Yes, speciality coffee often has a complex flavour profile that varies depending on the bean’s origin, growing conditions, and roasting technique, making it richer and more aromatic.
